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Native to the Mediterranean region, Quercus suber, also known as the cork oak, is one of the most appreciated species in the bonsai world for its resilience and beauty. Its leaves are small and deep green, and its bark is thick and rugged, giving the tree a unique appearance. In addition, the cork oak produces small fruits called acorns, which are highly valued by many animal species. It is a slow-growing tree, which makes it ideal for cultivation as a bonsai.
Sunlight: Quercus suber prefers full sun for healthy and vigorous growth. It can tolerate some shade, but development will be slower and acorn production may be affected.
Watering: Keep the soil slightly moist, especially during the hottest months. Avoid waterlogging, as cork oak is sensitive to excess water. Allow the top layer of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Humidity: Quercus suber is not very demanding in terms of air humidity but benefits from moderate levels. A humidity tray is not necessary unless the environment is extremely dry.
Pruning: Pruning is important to maintain the shape and health of the tree. Prune the cork oak during winter to remove dead or diseased branches. Avoid pruning in spring and summer, as this can harm growth and acorn production.
Fertilization: Fertilize Quercus suber in spring and summer with a balanced fertilizer. Avoid fertilizers high in nitrogen, as they may promote excessive foliage growth at the expense of acorn production.
Repotting/Transplanting: Transplant the cork oak every 3 to 5 years, preferably in spring before new growth begins. Use a well-draining soil mix rich in organic matter.
Flowering and Fruiting: Quercus suber produces small yellowish flowers in spring, followed by acorns that ripen in autumn. Acorn production may vary from year to year, but proper pruning helps stimulate a good harvest.
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